Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Around 1 in 100 people in the UK are autistic
- Autism is 3-4 times more commonly diagnosed in boys, though girls may be under-identified
- Autistic children may be achieving well academically but still struggling socially
- Many autistic adults live independent, fulfilling lives
What is Autism / ASD?
Autism is a lifelong difference in how the brain works. It affects how your child experiences the world, communicates, and interacts with others. The word "spectrum" is important — every autistic person is unique, with their own strengths and challenges.
Autism is not an illness and it's not caused by bad parenting. Many autistic people describe it as simply a different way of thinking and experiencing the world. With the right understanding and support, autistic children can thrive.
Around 1 in 100 people in the UK are autistic. Your child may have been diagnosed, or school may have raised concerns. Either way, understanding autism is the first step to helping your child flourish.
👀 What you might notice
- Finding it hard to understand what others are thinking or feeling
- Taking things very literally — not understanding jokes or sarcasm
- Finding it difficult to make or keep friends
- Not understanding unwritten social rules that others seem to 'just know'
- Finding eye contact uncomfortable
- Preferring a clear routine and becoming very upset by unexpected changes
- Needing to do things in a particular order
- Having a very strong, focused interest in certain topics
- Finding transitions between activities difficult
- Finding certain sounds, lights, smells, or textures overwhelming
- Seeking out certain sensory experiences (spinning, rocking, flapping hands)
- Not noticing pain, temperature, or hunger in the same way as others
- Finding busy or noisy environments (like assembly or the dinner hall) very difficult
How schools can help
So your child knows what's coming next and feels prepared for the day
A safe place to go when things feel overwhelming
Structured support to help understand friendships and social situations
Teachers using direct language rather than hints or sarcasm
Warning before transitions, changes to routine, or new events
Ear defenders, seating position, reduced visual clutter in the classroom
🏠 What you can do at home
- Create predictable routines — use visual schedules if this helps
- Give your child time to process what you've said before expecting a response
- Accept and celebrate their interests — these are often a source of joy and calm
- Prepare them for changes to routine in advance, using pictures or social stories
- Create a calm, quiet space at home where they can decompress after school
- Remember that behaviour is communication — if they're struggling, ask what they need
🤝 Organisations that can help
🔗 Related conditions
SEN types often overlap. Your child may have more than one area of need. Here are conditions commonly linked to Autism / ASD:
Note: This guide is for general information only. Every child is unique, and SEN types often overlap. If you have concerns about your child, speak to your child's school SENCO and your GP. For legal advice on SEN rights, contactIPSEA (free).