Why this matters
NCES pupil:teacher ratio is enrollment ÷ full-time-equivalent teaching staff. It isn't class size — specialists, resource teachers and coaches pull the ratio down without changing what's happening in a classroom — but a lower ratio generally means more adult attention per student.
What we're seeing
At Head Start, the student:teacher ratio has risen 69% over the 5-year window — from 8.9:1 in 2019 to 15.0:1 in 2023. The gap vs US average of 15.4:1 has narrowed — from 6.5:1 below in 2019 to 0.4:1 below in 2023.