Why this matters
NCES pupil:teacher ratio is enrollment ÷ full-time-equivalent teaching staff. It isn't class size — specialists, resource teachers and coaches pull the ratio down without changing what's happening in a classroom — but a lower ratio generally means more adult attention per student.
What we're seeing
At Lowell Elementary Spanish Immersion, the student:teacher ratio has fallen 50% over the 5-year window — from 45.0:1 in 2019 to 22.7:1 in 2023. The gap vs US average of 15.4:1 has narrowed — from 29.6:1 above in 2019 to 7.3:1 above in 2023.